Muthyala R (2021) Orphan/rare drug discovery through drug repositioning. Drug Discov Today

Ther Strat 8:16. Available from: http://www.cwhm.org/

Napolitano F, Carrella D, Mandriani B et al (2018) gene2drug: a computational tool for pathway-

based rational drug repositioning. Bioinformatics 34:14981505. Available from: https://

academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/34/9/1498/4721786

Nelson MR, Tipney H, Painter JL et al (2015) The support of human genetic evidence for approved

drug indications. Nat Genet 47:856860. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/

ng.3314

Nguyen T, Mitrea C, Draghici S (2018) Network-based approaches for pathway level analysis. Curr

Protoc Bioinforma 61:8.25.18.25.24. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/cpbi.42

Nosengo N (2016) Can you teach old drugs new tricks? Nature 534:314316

Parvathaneni V, Gupta V (2020) Utilizing drug repurposing against COVID-19 efcacy,

limitations, and challenges. Life Sci 259:118275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118275

Pritchard JLE, OMara TA, Glubb DM (2017) Enhancing the promise of drug repositioning through

genetics. Front Pharmacol 8:896. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29270124/

Pushpakom S, Iorio F, Eyers PA et al (2018) Drug repurposing: progress, challenges and

recommendations. Nat Rev Drug Discov 18:4158

Rastegar-Mojarad M, Ye Z, Kolesar JM et al (2015) Opportunities for drug repositioning from

phenome-wide association studies. Nat Biotechnol 33:342345

Rogers LM, Veeramani S, Weiner GJ (2014) Complement in monoclonal antibody therapy of

cancer. Immunol Res 59:203210

Rothstein JD, Patel S, Regan MR et al (2005) β-Lactam antibiotics offer neuroprotection by

increasing glutamate transporter expression. Nature 433:7377

Rowe SM, Verkman AS (2013) Cysticbrosis transmembrane regulator correctors and

potentiators. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 3:a009761

Rudrapal M, Khairnan SJ, Jadhav AG (2020) Drug repurposing (DR): an emerging approach in

drug discovery. IntechOpen

San L, Arranz B (2006) Mirtazapine: only for depression? Acta Neuropsychiatr 18:130143

Saporito MS, Ochman AR, Lipinski CA et al (2012) MLR-1023 is a potent and selective allosteric

activator of Lyn kinase in vitro that improves glucose tolerance in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther

342:1522

Sardana D, Zhu C, Zhang M et al (2011) Drug repositioning for orphan diseases. Brief Bioinform

12:346356

Seran MB, Bottega A, Foletto VS et al (2020) Drug repositioning is an alternative for the treatment

of coronavirus COVID-19. Int J Antimicrob Agents 55:105969

Shaw AT, Yasothan U, Kirkpatrick P (2011) Crizotinib. Nat Rev Drug Discov 10:897898

Sildenal (2021) DrugBank online [Internet]. Available from: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/

DB00203

Statista (2021) Orphan drugs - statistics and facts. Available from: https://www.statista.com/

topics/2493/orphan-drugs/

Sultana J, Crisafulli S, Gabbay F et al (2020) Challenges for drug repurposing in the COVID-19

pandemic era. Front. Pharmacol 11:588654

Sun HY, Hou TJ, Zhang HY (2014) Finding chemical drugs for genetic diseases. Drug Discov

Today 19:18361840

Tackenberg C, Kulic L, Nitsch RM (2020) Familial Alzheimers disease mutations at position 22 of

the amyloid β-peptide sequence differentially affect synaptic loss, tau phosphorylation and

neuronal cell death in an ex vivo system. PLoS One 15:e0239584

Talevi A (2018) Drug repositioning: current approaches and their implications in the precision

medicine era. Expert Rev Precis Med Drug Dev 3:4961. Available from: https://www.

tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23808993.2018.1424535

Talevi A, Bellera CL (2020) Challenges and opportunities with drug repurposing:nding strategies

tond alternative uses of therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Discov 4:397401

5

Genomic Approaches for Drug Repositioning

71